Jowisz Decorative Folding Chess Set

Product Information

Musotto, S.; Varadi, F.; Moore, W.B.; Schubert, G. Numerical simulations of the orbits of the Galilean satellites.„Icarus”.159,s.500–504,2002. DOI: 10.1006/icar.2002.6939. ( ang.). Denning, William F. (1899). "Jupiter, early history of the great red spot on". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 59 (10): 574–584. Bibcode: 1899MNRAS..59..574D. doi: 10.1093/mnras/59.10.574.

The axial tilt of Jupiter is relatively small, only 3.13°, so its seasons are insignificant compared to those of Earth and Mars. [132] a b von Zahn, U.; Hunten, D. M.; Lehmacher, G. (1998). "Helium in Jupiter's atmosphere: Results from the Galileo probe Helium Interferometer Experiment". Journal of Geophysical Research. 103 (E10): 22815–22829. Bibcode: 1998JGR...10322815V. doi: 10.1029/98JE00695. Gautier, D.; Conrath, B.; Flasar, M.; Hanel, R.; Kunde, V.; Chedin, A.; Scott, N. (1981). "The helium abundance of Jupiter from Voyager". Journal of Geophysical Research. 86 (A10): 8713–8720. Bibcode: 1981JGR....86.8713G. doi: 10.1029/JA086iA10p08713. hdl: 2060/19810016480. S2CID 122314894.Kerr, Richard A. (2000). "Deep, Moist Heat Drives Jovian Weather". Science. 287 (5455): 946–947. doi: 10.1126/science.287.5455.946b. S2CID 129284864. Archived from the original on February 3, 2023 . Retrieved April 26, 2022.

a b c d Simon, J. L.; Bretagnon, P.; Chapront, J.; Chapront-Touzé, M.; Francou, G.; Laskar, J. (February 1994). "Numerical expressions for precession formulae and mean elements for the Moon and planets". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 282 (2): 663–683. Bibcode: 1994A&A...282..663S. JöelSommeria,Steven D. Meyers & Harry L. Swinney. Laboratory simulation of Jupiter’s Great Red Spot.„Nature”.331,s.689–693,1988-02-25. DOI: 10.1038/331689a0. Bibcode: 1988Natur.331..689S. ( ang.). Simulations explain giant exoplanets with eccentric, close-in orbits". ScienceDaily. October 30, 2019. Archived from the original on July 17, 2023 . Retrieved July 17, 2023. Nachylenie osi obrotu Jowisza jest stosunkowo niewielkie – tylko 3,13° [1]. W wyniku tego na planecie nie zachodzą wyraźne zmiany pór roku, w przeciwieństwie na przykład do Ziemi i Marsa [56]. In 1932, Rupert Wildt identified absorption bands of ammonia and methane in the spectra of Jupiter. [161] Three long-lived anticyclonic features called "white ovals" were observed in 1938. For several decades they remained as separate features in the atmosphere, sometimes approaching each other but never merging. Finally, two of the ovals merged in 1998, then absorbed the third in 2000, becoming Oval BA. [162] Radiotelescope research Image of Jupiter and its radiation belts in radioOutside the layer of metallic hydrogen lies a transparent interior atmosphere of hydrogen. At this depth, the pressure and temperature are above molecular hydrogen's critical pressure of 1.3 MPa and critical temperature of 33 K (−240.2 °C; −400.3 °F). [79] In this state, there are no distinct liquid and gas phases—hydrogen is said to be in a supercritical fluid state. The hydrogen and helium gas extending downward from the cloud layer gradually transitions to a liquid in deeper layers, possibly resembling something akin to an ocean of liquid hydrogen and other supercritical fluids. [65] :22 [80] [81] [82] Physically, the gas gradually becomes hotter and denser as depth increases. [83] [84] The god Jupiter is the Roman counterpart of Zeus, and he is the principal god of Roman mythology. The Romans originally called Jupiter the "star of Jupiter" ( Iuppiter Stella), as they believed it to be sacred to its namesake god. This name comes from the Proto-Indo-European vocative compound * Dyēu-pəter (nominative: * Dyēus-pətēr, meaning "Father Sky-God", or "Father Day-God"). [235] As the supreme god of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter was the god of thunder, lightning, and storms, and was appropriately called the god of light and sky. [236] Other proposed missions include the Chinese National Space Administration's Tianwen-4 mission which aims to launch an orbiter to the Jovian system and possibly Callisto around 2035, [194] and CNSA's Interstellar Express [195] and NASA's Interstellar Probe, [196] which would both use Jupiter's gravity to help them reach the edges of the heliosphere.

Wall, Mike (May 26, 2017). "More Jupiter Weirdness: Giant Planet May Have Huge, 'Fuzzy' Core". space.com. Archived from the original on April 20, 2021 . Retrieved April 20, 2021.Stevenson, D. J.; Bodenheimer, P.; Lissauer, J. J.; D'Angelo, G. (2022). "Mixing of Condensable Constituents with H-He during the Formation and Evolution of Jupiter". The Planetary Science Journal. 3 (4): id.74. arXiv: 2202.09476. Bibcode: 2022PSJ.....3...74S. doi: 10.3847/PSJ/ac5c44. S2CID 247011195. a b J.A.Burns,Showalter, M.R.; Hamilton, D.P.; et al. The Formation of Jupiter’s Faint Rings.„Science”.284(5417),s.1146–1150,1999. DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5417.1146. PMID: 10325220. Bibcode: 1999Sci...284.1146B. ( ang.). Jones, Alexander (1999). Astronomical papyri from Oxyrhynchus. American Philosophical Society. pp.62–63. ISBN 978-0-87169-233-7. It is now possible to trace the medieval symbols for at least four of the five planets to forms that occur in some of the latest papyrus horoscopes ([ P.Oxy. ] 4272, 4274, 4275 [...]). That for Jupiter is an obvious monogram derived from the initial letter of the Greek name.

Based on Jupiter's composition, researchers have made the case for an initial formation outside the molecular nitrogen (N 2) snowline, which is estimated at 20–30AU (3.0–4.5billionkm; 1.9–2.8billionmi) from the Sun, and possibly even outside the argon snowline, which may be as far as 40AU (6.0billionkm; 3.7billionmi). [36] [37] Having formed at one of these extreme distances, Jupiter would then have, over a roughly 700,000-year period, migrated inwards to its current location. [33] [34] during an epoch approximately 2–3million years after the planet began to form. In this model, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune would have formed even further out than Jupiter, and Saturn would also have migrated inwards. [33] Physical characteristics In the autumn of 1639, the Neapolitan optician Francesco Fontana tested a 22-palm telescope of his own making and discovered the characteristic bands of the planet's atmosphere. [151]

Skład atmosfery

Giles, Rohini S.; Greathouse, Thomas K.; Bonfond, Bertrand; Gladstone, G. Randall; Kammer, Joshua A.; Hue, Vincent; Grodent, Denis C.; Gérard, Jean-Claude; Versteeg, Maarten H.; Wong, Michael H.; Bolton, Scott J.; Connerney, John E. P.; Levin, Steven M. (2020). "Possible Transient Luminous Events Observed in Jupiter's Upper Atmosphere". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 125 (11): e06659. arXiv: 2010.13740. Bibcode: 2020JGRE..12506659G. doi: 10.1029/2020JE006659. S2CID 225075904. e06659. Davis, Andrew M.; Turekian, Karl K.: Meteorites, comets, and planets.T.1.Elsevier,2005,s.624,seria:Treatise on geochemistry. ISBN 0-08-044720-1. ( ang.). AndreasZüttel. Materials for hydrogen storage.„Materials Today”.6(9),s.24–33,wrzesień2003. DOI: 10.1016/S1369-7021(03)00922-2. ( ang.). Mallama, Anthony; Krobusek, Bruce; Pavlov, Hristo (2017). "Comprehensive wide-band magnitudes and albedos for the planets, with applications to exo-planets and Planet Nine". Icarus. 282: 19–33. arXiv: 1609.05048. Bibcode: 2017Icar..282...19M. doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.09.023. S2CID 119307693.